اطلس آناتومی اعصاب محیطی - اعصاب اندامها Atlas of Anatomy of the peripheral nerves_ The Nerves of the Limbs-Springer

فهرست مطالب: Part I Morphological and Functional Anatomy of the Peripheral Nerve The Normal Nerve .. . . . . . . . . . . 2 Morpho-Functional Anatomy .. . . 2 General Organization of the Peripheral Nerve ... . . 2 The Structure and Physiology of the Nerves ... . . . 4 Axon ... . . . . 4 Cytoskeleton .. . . . . . . . . . . 4 Axonal Flow .. . . . . . . . . . . 4 Schwann Cell and Myelination.... . 6 Mechanical Properties of the Nerves ... . . . . . . . . . 7 Vascularization of the Peripheral Nerves ... . . . . . . 8 Neuromuscular Junction and Transmission ... . . . . 10 Main Mechanisms of Synaptic Formation ... . . . . . 12 The Injured Nerve .. . . . . . . . . . . 14 Physiology of the Damaged Nerve .... 14 Pathophysiological Mechanisms.... 14 Nerve Degeneration .. . . . . . . . . . 16 Mechanisms of Neural Repair .. . 18 Axonal Sprouting .. . . . . . . . . . 18 Neurotrophic Factors .. . . . . . . 20 Potential Functional Consequences ... . . . . . . . . . . 20 Functional Regeneration .. . . . . 20 Neuroplasticity ..20 Conclusion ... . . . . 21 Bibliography ... . . . 22 The Plexus... . . . . . 24 Data Learned from Embryology .. 24 Embryological Development of the Peripheral Nerves .. . . . . . . . . 24 Growth of Precursor Cells.. . . . 24 Development of Segmental Spinal Nerves ... . . . . . 24 Basal Lamina and Alar Lamina ... . . . . . . . . . . 24 Peripheral Nerve Pathways.... . 24 Formation of the Myelin Sheath... . . . . . . . . . . 24 Development of the Innervation of Limbs ... . . . . . . . 26 Introduction... . . 26 Notion of Motor Innervation.. . 26 Notion of Cutaneous Innervation ...26 Innervation of the Limbs in Adults .... 28 Origin and Constitution of the Limb Nerves ... . . . 28 The Notion of Plexus .. . . . . . . . . 32 Bibliography ... . . . 34 xxi Part II Nerves of the Upper Limb The Brachial Plexus .. . . . . . . . . . 40 The Brachial Plexus .. . . . . . . . . . 40 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 40 The Brachial Plexus Relations .. . 42 At the Supraclavicular Level.. . 42 At the Infraclavicular Level .. . 44 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 48 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 54 Neurostimulation of the Brachial Plexus ... . . . . . . 54 Interscalenic Track .. . . . . . . . . 54 Installation ..54 Equipment and Location.. . 54 Procedure ... 56 Supraclavicular Pathway.. . . . . 58 Installation ..58 Equipment and Location.. . 58 Procedure ... 58 Bibliography ... . . . 60 The Axillary Nerve.. . . . . . . . . . . 62 Peripheral Branches .. . . . . . . . . . 62 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 66 Origin ... . . . . . . 66 Path ... . . . . . . . . 66 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 66 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 66 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 66 Motor Function ..74 Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 74 Anastomoses ... . 74 Pathology ... . . . . . 76 Aetiology... . . . . 76 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 76 Clinical Forms... 76 Explorations ... . 76 Treatment ... . . . 76 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 78 Installation... . . . 78 Equipment and Ultrasound Tracking ... . . . . . . . . . 78 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 78 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 82 Infiltration/Block Test .. . . . . . . 82 Indication ... 82 Out-of-Plane Technique .. . . . . 82 In-Plane Technology .. . . . . . . . 82 xxii Peripheral Nerve Stimulation .. 82 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 84 Surgical Indications.. . . . . . . . . 84 Surgical Approaches .. . . . . . . . 84 Skin Incision.. . . . . . . . . . . 84 Nervous Exposure.. . . . . . . 84 Technical Pitfalls .. . . . . . . 84 The Musculocutaneous Nerve.. . 88 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 88 Origin ... . . . . . . 88 Path ... . . . . . . . . 88 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 88 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 94 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 94 Motor Function ..94 Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 94 Anastomoses ... . 94 Pathology ... . . . . . 103 Aetiology... . . . . 103 Clinical Signs ... 103 Explorations ... . 103 Treatment ... . . . 103 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 106 Installation... . . . 106 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 106 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 106 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 112 Infiltration/Test Block .. . . . . . . 112 Indication ... 112 In-Plane Technology.. . . . . 112 Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)... . . . . . . . . . . 112 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 114 Surgical Indications.. . . . . . . . . 114 Surgical Approaches .. . . . . . . . 114 Skin Incision.. . . . . . . . . . . 114 Nervous Exposure.. . . . . . . 114 Technical Pitfalls.. . . . . . . . . . . 114 The Radial Nerve ..118 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 118 Origin ... . . . . . . 118 Path ... . . . . . . . . 118 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 118 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 124 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 124 Motor Function ..124 xxiii Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 128 Anastomoses ... . 128 Pathology ... . . . . . 134 Posterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome... . . . . . . . 134 Aetiology... . . . . 134 Clinical Signs ... 134 Clinical Forms... 134 Explorations ... . 134 Treatment ... . . . 134 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 144 PNS ... . . . . . . . . 144 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 146 Surgical Indications.. . . . . . . . . 146 Surgical Approaches .. . . . . . . . 146 On the Arm ..146 At the Elbow.. . . . . . . . . . . 148 Technical Pitfalls.. . . . . . . . . . . 148 The Median Nerve .. . . . . . . . . . . 152 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 152 Origin ... . . . . . . 152 Path ... . . . . . . . . 152 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 152 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 162 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 162 Motor Function ..162 Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 162 Anastomoses ... . 162 Pathology ... . . . . . 172 Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome ... . . . . . . . 172 Aetiology... . . . . 172 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 172 Explorations ... . 172 Treatment ... . . . 172 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome .. . . . 172 Clinical Signs ... 174 Anatomical Atypias .. . . . . 174 Clinical Atypias .. . . . . . . . 174 Differential Diagnosis.. . . . . . . 174 Treatment ... . . . 174 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 176 Installation... . . . 176 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 176 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 176 xxiv Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 180 PNS ... . . . . . . . . 180 Ultrasound Pathology .. . . . . . . . . 182 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 184 Surgical Approaches .. . . . . . . . 184 Skin Incision.. . . . . . . . . . . 184 On the Arm ..184 At the Elbow.. . . . . . . . . . . 184 At the Forearm .. . . . . . . . . 186 By Hand ... . 188 Technical Pitfalls.. . . . . . . . . . . 188 Surgical Pathology .. . . . . . . . . . . 190 Electronic Supplementary Material ...152 The Ulnar Nerve... 194 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 194 Origin ... . . . . . . 194 Path ... . . . . . . . . 194 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 204 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 204 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 204 Motor Function ..204 Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 204 Anastomoses ... . 204 Pathology ... . . . . . 214 Cubital Tunnel Syndrome .. . . . 214 Aetiology... . . . . 214 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 214 Clinical Forms... 214 Explorations ... . 214 Treatment ... . . . 216 Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome (Guyon’s Canal) ... . . . . . 216 Aetiology... . . . . 216 Clinical Signs ... 216 Clinical Forms... 216 Explorations ... . 216 Treatment ... . . . 216 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 218 Installation... . . . 218 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 218 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 218 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 230 Anaesthetic Block of the Ulnar Nerve in the Elbow (Figure U34a).230 Anaesthetic Block of the Ulnar Nerve in the Ulnar Canal (Figure U34b) . . . . . . . 230 Ulnar Nerve PNS .. . . . . . . . . . 232 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 234 xxv Surgical Approaches .. . . . . . . . 234 On the Arm ..234 At the Elbow.. . . . . . . . . . . 234 At the Forearm .. . . . . . . . . 236 Technical Pitfalls.. . . . . . . . . . . 236 By Hand ... . 238 Main Technical Trap .. . . . . . . . 238 The Suprascapular Nerve .. . . . . 242 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 242 Origin ... . . . . . . 242 Path ... . . . . . . . . 242 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 242 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 242 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 242 Motor Function ..242 Pathologies ... . . . . 245 Aetiology... . . . . 245 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 245 Explorations ... . 245 Treatment ... . . . . . 245 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 248 Installation... . . . 248 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 248 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 248 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 250 Infiltration/Test Block .. . . . . . . 250 RFP ... . . . . . . . . 250 PNS ... . . . . . . . . 250 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 252 Surgical Approaches .. . . . . . . . 252 Skin Incision.. . . . . . . . . . . 252 Nervous Exposure.. . . . . . . 252 The Long Thoracic Nerve .. . . . . 254 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 254 Origin ... . . . . . . 254 Path ... . . . . . . . . 254 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 254 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 254 Motor Function ..254 Pathologies ... . . . . 257 Aetiology... . . . . 257 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 257 Treatment ... . . . 257 Bibliography ... . . . 259 xxvi Part III Nerves of the Lower Limb The Lumbosacral Plexus .. . . . . . 266 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 266 The Lumbar Plexus .. . . . . . . . . 266 The Sacral Plexus .. . . . . . . . . . 268 The Obturator Nerve.. . . . . . . . . 280 Peripheral Branches .. . . . . . . . . . 276 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 280 Origin ... . . . . . . 280 Path ... . . . . . . . . 280 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . . . 280 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 288 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 288 Motor Function ..288 Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 288 Anastomoses ... . 288 Pathology ... . . . . . 294 Obturator Neuralgia .. . . . . . . . 294 Aetiology... . . . . 294 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 294 Explorations ... . 294 Treatment ... . . . 294 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 296 Installation... . . . 296 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 296 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 296 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 300 Infiltration/Test Block .. . . . . . . 300 Indication ... 300 Technique ... 300 PNS... . . . . . 300 RFP... . . . . . 300 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 302 Surgical Indications.. . . . . . . . . 302 Skin Incision.. . . . . . . . . . . 302 Nervous Exposure.. . . . . . . 302 Technical Pitfalls.. . . . . . . . . . . 302 The Femoral Nerve .. . . . . . . . . . 308 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 308 Origin ... . . . . . . 308 Path ... . . . . . . . . 308 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 308 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 308 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 314 xxvii Motor Function ..314 Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 314 Anastomoses ... . 314 Pathology ... . . . . . 320 Femoral Nerve Syndrome or Femoral Neuralgia ... 320 Aetiology... . . . . 320 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 320 Explorations ... . 320 Treatment ... . . . 320 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 322 Installation... . . . 322 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 322 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 322 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 326 Infiltration/Test Block .. . . . . . . 326 Indications ..326 Technique ... 326 PNS... . . . . . 326 RFP... . . . . . 326 Morphological Data: Sonoanatomy ...328 Installation... . . . 328 Equipment and Location.. . 328 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . 328 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 332 Infiltration/Test Block .. . . . . . . 332 Indication ... 332 Technique ... 332 PNS ... . . . . . . . . 332 Indications ..332 Technique ... 332 RFP ... . . . . . . . . 332 Indication ... 332 Technique ... 332 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 336 Surgical Indications.. . . . . . . . . 336 At the Femoral Trigone .. . 336 Technical Pitfalls.. . . . . . . . . . . 336 The Sciatic Nerve ..340 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 340 Origin ... . . . . . . 340 Path ... . . . . . . . . 340 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 346 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 346 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 346 Motor Function ..346 xxviii Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 346 Anastomoses ... . 346 Pathology ... . . . . . 356 Aetiology... . . . . 356 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 356 Clinical Forms... 356 Explorations ... . 356 Treatment ... . . . 356 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 358 Installation... . . . 358 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 358 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 358 Piriformis Syndrome.. . . . . . . . 358 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 364 Infiltration/Test Block .. . . . . . . 364 Indication ... 364 Technique ... 364 PNS ... . . . . . . . . 364 Technique ... 364 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 366 Surgical Indications.. . . . . . . . . 366 Surgical Approaches .. . . . . . . . 366 On the Buttock .. . . . . . . . . 366 At the Thigh .. . . . . . . . . . . 368 Technical Pitfalls.. . . . . . . . . . . 368 The Tibial Nerve... 372 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 372 Origin ... . . . . . . 372 Path ... . . . . . . . . 372 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 372 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 380 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 380 Motor Function ..380 Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 380 Anastomoses ... . 380 Pathology ... . . . . . 386 Soleus Syndrome .. . . . . . . . . . 386 Aetiology... . . . . 386 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 386 Explorations ... . 386 Treatment ... . . . 386 Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome .. . . . . 388 Aetiology... . . . . 388 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 388 Clinical Forms... 388 Explorations ... . 388 Treatment ... . . . 388 xxix Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 390 Installation... . . . 390 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 390 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 390 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 394 Infiltration/Test Block .. . . . . . . 394 Infiltration at the Proximal Part of the Tibial Nerve.. . . . . . . . . 394 Technique ... . . . 394 Indication ... 396 Technique ... . . . 396 RFP... . . . . . 396 PNS... . . . . . 396 Sural Nerve..398 Installation... . . . 398 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 398 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 398 Infiltration/Test Block .. . . . . . . 400 Indications ..400 Technique ... 400 RFP... . . . . . 400 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 402 Surgical Indications.. . . . . . . . . 402 In the Leg ... 402 Skin Incision.. . . . . . . . . . . 402 Nervous Exposure.. . . . . . . 402 Technical Pitfalls.. . . . . . . . . . . 402 Surgical Indications.. . . . . . . . . 404 At the Ankle .. . . . . . . . . . . 404 Skin Incision.. . . . . . . . . . . 404 Nervous Exposure.. . . . . . . 404 Technical Pitfalls.. . . . . . . . . . . 404 The Fibular Nerve .. . . . . . . . . . . 408 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 408 Origin ... . . . . . . 408 Path ... . . . . . . . . 408 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 408 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 408 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 414 Motor Function ..414 Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 414 Anastomoses ... . 414 Pathology ... . . . . . 420 Fibular Nerve Injury .. . . . . . . . 420 Aetiology... . . . . 420 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 420 Clinical Forms... 420 xxx Explorations ... . 420 Treatment ... . . . 420 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 422 Installation... . . . 422 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 422 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 422 Identification of the Common Fibular Nerve in the Cervix .. . . 422 Deep Fibular Nerve.. . . . . . . . . 424 Installation ..424 Equipment and Location.. . 424 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . 424 Superficial Fibular Nerve .. . . . 424 Installation ..424 Equipment and Location.. . 424 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . 424 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 432 Infiltration/Test Block at the Fibula Neck... . . . . . . 432 Technique ... 432 Surgical PNS Implantation at the Fibula Neck ... . . 432 Technique ... 432 Infiltration/Test Block at the Tarsal Tunnel... . . . . . 432 Indication ... 432 Technique ... 432 RFP... . . . . . 432 Surgical Procedure .. . . . . . . . . . . 434 Surgical Indications.. . . . . . . . . 434 In the Leg ... 434 Technical Pitfalls.. . . . . . . . . . . 434 PNS by Surgery at the Fibula Neck ... . . . . . . . . . . 434 The Lateral Cutaneous Nerve.. . 438 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . . . 438 Origin ... . . . . . . 438 Path ... . . . . . . . . 438 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 438 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 438 Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 442 Pathology ... . . . . . 444 Meralgia Paraesthetica .. . . . . . 444 Aetiology... . . . . 444 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 444 Morphological Data: Sono Anatomy ... 446 Installation... . . . 446 Equipment and Location.. . . . . 446 Ultrasound Procedure .. . . . . . . 446 Interventional Procedure.. . . . . . . 450 xxxi Infiltration/Test Block .. . . . . . . 450 Indication ... 450 Technique ... 450 PNS ... . . . . . . . . 450 Indication ... 450 Technique ... 450 RFP ... . . . . . . . . 450 Technique ... 450 Surgical Procedure: Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Decompression . . . . . . . . . . 452 Surgical Description .. . . . . . . . 452 Skin Incision.. . . . . . . . . . . 452 Nervous Exposure.. . . . . . . 452 The Other Nerves..456 The Iliohypogastric Nerve .. . . . . 456 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . 456 Origin ... . . . . . . 456 Path ... . . . . . . . . 456 Neurovascular Relations .. . . . . 456 Collateral Branches.. . . . . . . . . 456 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . . . . 456 Sensitive Function.. . . . . . . . . . 456 Anastomoses ... . 456 The Ilioinguinal Nerve .. . . . . . . . 458 Morphological Data .. . . . . . . . 458 Origin ... . . . 458 Path ... . . . . . 458 Neurovascular Relations.. . 458 Terminal Branches .. . . . . . 458 Sensitive Function .. . . . . . 458 Pathology ... . . . . . 460 Entrapment Neuropathies of the Ilioinguinal Nerve and of the Hypogastric Nerve... . 460 Aetiology... . . . . 460 Clinical Significance .. . . . . . . . 460 Clinical Forms... 460 Treatment ... . . . 460 Bibliography ... . . . 462 Index ... . . . . . . . . . 464 مشخصات فایل
عنوان (Title):	Atlas of Anatomy of the peripheral nerves_ The Nerves of the Limbs-Springer
نام فایل (File name):	620-www.GeneProtocols.ir-Atlas of Anatomy of the peripheral nerves_ The Nerves of the Limbs-Springer (2021).pdf
عنوان فارسی (Title in Persian):	اطلس آناتومی اعصاب محیطی - اعصاب اندامها
ایجاد کننده:	Philippe Rigoard
زبان (Language):	انگلیسی English
سال انتشار:	2021
شابک ISBN:	3030491781, 9783030491789
نوع سند (Doc. type):	کتاب
فرمت (File extention):	PDF
حجم فایل (File size):	67/5
تعداد صفحات (Book length in pages):	502

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